Perspectives

How does this review impact clinical practice?

• GLP-1 has multiple actions on key target cell types and tissues that do not exhibit robust GLP-1 receptor expression.
• For example, GLP-1RA reduce myocardial infarction, decrease hepatic lipid accumulation, and attenuate renal albumin excretion – yet the receptor is not expressed within most cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, or renal glomerular and tubular epithelium.
• Collectively, these findings highlight the importance of indirect mediators of GLP-1 action as key mechanistic contributors.