What do we already know about this topic?

• Little is known about veterans with headache despite the VHA being the largest integrated healthcare system in the United States.
• National mandated traumatic brain injury screening within the VHA began in 2008.
• The ability to evaluate men with headache across different types is rare, making the VHA headache sample unique.

How was this study conducted?

• An evaluation of the Headache Centers of Excellence (HCoE) cohort of veterans, with at least one International Classifications of Diseases (ICD) 9 or 10 headache diagnosis code (n=1,442,650), over a 10-year period (2008–2018).
• Logistic regressions evaluated gender differences in headache diagnosis, history of traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and non-headache pain conditions.